امروز پراگراف اول و دوم این صفحه کار میشه• technology → technological development / technical advanc

امروز پراگراف اول و دوم این صفحه کار میشه• technology → technological development / technical advancement• match technology → technology related to matches• safety standards → safety regulations / safety requirements / safety rules• Europe → European countries• less advanced → behind / underdeveloped / lagging• standards → regulations / requirements / criteria• lag behind → fail to keep pace with / remain behind⸻14It wasn’t until 1900 that the Diamond Match Company bought a French patent for safety matches — but the formula did not work properly in the different climatic conditions prevailing in America and it was another 11 years before scientists finally adapted the French patent for the US.معنی:تا سال ۱۹۰۰ بود که شرکت Diamond Match یک حق ثبت اختراع فرانسوی برای کبریت‌های ایمن خرید؛ اما این فرمول در شرایط اقلیمی متفاوت حاکم بر آمریکا به‌درستی کار نمی‌کرد و ۱۱ سال دیگر طول کشید تا دانشمندان سرانجام حق ثبت اختراع فرانسوی را برای آمریکا سازگار کنند.Keywords & Paraphrases:• wasn’t until → only in / not before• bought → purchased / acquired / obtained• patent → legally protected invention / registered invention• safety matches → safe matches• formula → method / composition / recipe• did not work properly → was ineffective / failed to function correctly / was not effective• climatic conditions → weather conditions / environmental conditions• different → varying / diverse / distinct• prevailing → existing / dominant / widespread• prevailing in → existing in / present in• another 11 years → an additional 11 years / a further 11 years• finally → eventually / ultimately / in the end• adapted → modified / adjusted / altered / changed• patent → registered invention / intellectual property• for the US → for the United States / for American conditions⸻15The Americans, however, can claim several “firsts” in match technology and marketing.معنی:با این حال، آمریکایی‌ها می‌توانند چندین «اولین» را در زمینه فناوری و بازاریابی کبریت به نام خود ثبت کنند.Keywords & Paraphrases:• however → nevertheless / nonetheless• Americans → people from the United States• claim → assert / take credit for / be credited with• several → a number of / numerous / various• firsts → pioneering achievements / early innovations• match technology → technology related to matches• marketing → promotion / advertising / commercialisation• claim a first → be the first to / achieve something before others• innovation → new development / advancement / invention⸻16In 1892 the Diamond Match Company pioneered book matches.معنی:در سال ۱۸۹۲ شرکت Diamond Match برای نخستین بار کبریت‌های کتابی را معرفی/تولید کرد.Keywords & Paraphrases:• pioneered → introduced first / was the first to develop / initiated• book matches → matches arranged in a small book-like package• introduced → launched / brought in / presented• developed → created / designed / produced• first → earliest / initial / pioneering• pioneered the use of → introduced the use of / was the first to use⸻17The innovation didn’t catch on until after 1896, when a brewery had the novel idea of advertising its product in match books.معنی:این نوآوری تا بعد از سال ۱۸۹۶ مورد استقبال قرار نگرفت؛ زمانی که یک کارخانه آبجوسازی ایده جدیدی برای تبلیغ محصول خود در کتابچه‌های کبریت ارائه کرد.Keywords & Paraphrases:• innovation → invention / new development / new idea• catch on → become popular / gain popularity / become widely accepted• didn’t catch on → failed to become popular / was not widely accepted• until after → not before / only after• brewery → beer-producing company / beer manufacturer• novel → new / innovative / original• idea → concept / proposal / approach• advertising → promoting / marketing / publicising• product → goods / item / merchandise• match books → books of matches / matchbook packages• popular → widely accepted / commonly used / favoured⸻18Today book matches are the most widely used type in the US, with 90 percent handed out free by hotels, restaurants and others.معنی: