notions 3)is mainly designed to present key notions in daily life 4)can be organized around notions such as accepting and apologizing96- The “why” questions that students typically ask to learn about the world around them reflect the ………………. function of language. I) regulatory 2) instrumental 3) heuristic 4) representational97- Canale and Swain's model of communicative competence includes …………… 1) grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competences 2) grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and textual competences 3) grammatical, discourse, pragmatic, and textual competences 4) grammatical, pragmatic, textual, and strategic competences98- The Whole Language Approach ……………… I) advocates the use of commercial materials 2 considers teachers as the subject matter teachers 3)encourages teachers to transmit knowledge to students 4)is based on the humanistic and constructivist learning theory99- lntrapersonal intelligence is most closely related to all of the following EXCEPT ………. 1) goal setting 2) journal keeping 3) field trips 4) reflective learning100- In language classes, rhetorical questions are those that …………….. 1) the teacher intends to answer 2) require knowledge of spoken style 3) attempt to elicit information already known 4) request information not shared by the hearer101- Consider a range of 20 points (l to 20) and the mean 18. Such a test …………………. I) is positively skewed 2) is negatively skewed 3) reveals practice effect 4) should b counterbalanced102- The unitary trait hypothesis was favored by language testing specialists who were proponents of …………… 1) integrative tests 2) discrete-point tests 3) task-based assessment 4) the essay-translation approach103- Which of the following is true about alternative assessment? I) It is a process-oriented continuous form of assessment. 2) It is based on an untimed, free-response format. 3) It is one-shot and presents decontextualized test items. 4) It provides individualized feedback and washback.104- The formula 10z+50 is used to ……………………… 1) change a raw score into at standardized score 2) measure the dispersion of a set of scores 3) calculate percentiles 4) calculate T scores105- Imagine that only half of the students in the high abiIity group in a class of 20 respond to one of the items correctly, and everyone in the low-ability group fails to respond to it. What would the discrimination index for this item be? 1) 1 2) 0.5 3) 0 4) -0.5106- What would be the standard error of measurement for a test with a reliability index of 0.75 and a standard deviation of 10? 1) 175 2) 50 3) 25 4) 5107- “Tom's score was 17 points higher than Jane's in a test with the highest score of 100.” In this case, the scale of measurement is ……………… 1) ordinal 2) nominal 3) interval 4) ratio108- It is NOT true that a norm-referenced test ………………. 1) is based on what students exactly expect of test questions 2) relies on the normal distribution of scores around a mean 3) measures general language abilities 4) includes a variety of test content109- What is wrong with the following multiple choice litem? I can't believe him because he's always …………… lies. a. saying b. telling c. keeping d. talking I) There is a pair of synonyms in the options. 2)The stem is not long and informative enough. 3)The options are of more or less the same length. 4)The options do not belong to the same area of meaning.110- What kind of item is the following? Reza can swim better than you. You cannot swim ................... 1) Rearrangement 2) Transformation 3) Combination 4) Addition111- When a single teacher has unclear criteria, fatigue, or bias, the main concern is …………. I) test reliability 2) test-retest reliability 3) intra-rater reliability 4) inter-rater reliability112- What kind of item does the following listening task focus on? Test-taker hears: Is she living? Test-taker reads: (a) Is she living? (b) Is he leaving? 1) Selective listening 2) Responsive listening 3) Intensive listening 4) Interac